I recently read a book, that according to reviews has had a major impact on civil rights, anti-colonialism and black consciousness movements around the world. It is titled “The Wretched of the Earth”, by Frantz Fanon, whose time on earth was momentary, having died at 36 in 1961. The book coincidentally reflects on the absurdity of NABCO, an employment scheme initiated by the Ghanaian government, and the precarious situation the country has found itself of late.
Fanon’s hot-blooded personality and no-nonsense ideological standpoint made me curious about his background, in terms of his social economic status. I flipped the book cover and read that he studied Medicine in France, specializing in Psychiatry. A lot might have provoked Fanon, then working in the professional sanctum of medicine to suspend and dive into the deep, unsteady waters of politics, systematic racism, and colonialism in pre-independence Africa.
[perfectpullquote align=”left” bordertop=”false” cite=”” link=”” color=”” class=”” size=””]The inherent flaw of most of the political parties has been traditionally to address the urban proletariat, the small tradesmen and the civil servants.[/perfectpullquote]
Fanon appeared like an angry activist abandoned to his radical opinions on how politics should play out on the public stage and how it can be progressively harnessed for greater reach and inclusion. I felt the thick accent of Marxism in his forthright effusions from his extensive usage of associated terminologies and direct applications to the realities of political craft and engagement present, at his time. He aptly noted somewhere in the book that:
“The weakness of political parties lies not in their mechanical imitation of an organization which is used to handling the struggle of the proletariat within a highly industrialized capitalist society…the great mistake, the inherent flaw of most of the political parties in the underdeveloped regions has been traditionally to address first and foremost the most politically conscious elements: the urban proletariat, the small tradesmen and the civil servants, i.e, a tiny section of the population which represents barely more than one percent.”
Fanon’s Stark Parallel With NABCO
Fanon’s thinking starkly parallels recurrent headline stories in Ghana. I will cite the most recent story to illustrate my point. But before that, what does the word “wretched” mean? The Advanced English Dictionary provides five definitions: Of very poor quality or condition; Characterized by physical misery; Very unhappy; full of misery; suffering; Morally reprehensible and Deserving or inciting pity.
These definitions altogether apply to the Ghanaian context. In Government’s mid-year budget read by the Finance Minister Ken Ofori-Atta, there was a reiteration of the core pillars of President Akufo-Addo’s vision: macroeconomic stability, growing the productive sectors of the economy, job creation and the ‘Ghana beyond aid’ hymnal.
But one of the loudest expectations of Akufo-Addo’s administration is job creation, a demand by the many suffering, unemployed Ghanaians who gave him that definite victory in the 2016 elections and a demand that has refused to be dimmed by the flamboyant flash lights of free SHS. So, it was expected that his administration responds and accordingly, we had the Nations Builders’ Corps (NABCO) gushed out from the pipeline.
NABCO in itself is a stop-gap intervention program targeted at graduate unemployment, with the overarching objectives of giving unemployed graduates new professional skills and experiences for permanent employment in the foreseeable future. In design, NABCO addresses the core issue of why Ghana’s economy is unable to absorb the rising tide of unemployable graduates insufficiently.
With an imminent general election, a short-term fix adorn with plenty assumptions in respect of economic impact on individual pockets, is certainly a relief that allows the President a moment to chisel off the ‘sharp teethes’ of his political opponents.
Although according to the government, when NABCO was launched, 130,000 persons applied. This is nearly half (43.3 percent) the estimated 300,000 students that graduates from our universities and polytechnics annually. Following screenings and interviews, only 100,000 (76.9 percent) applicants were selected. Eventually the other 10,000 (10 percent) successful applicants defected from the program.
Later on in October 2018, all the successful applicants across the country were contacted by the administrators of NABCO to convene at the Black Star Square, Accra for a matriculation ceremony. This was an unnecessary cost to the taxpayer but politically expedient.
[perfectpullquote align=”left” bordertop=”false” cite=”” link=”” color=”” class=”” size=””]We design solutions in a manner that fortifies our presence politically, entrenches the ‘big man’ disease, centralizes praise and decentralizes failure.[/perfectpullquote]
Those who say politics is a game of numbers are partly right. When the President said, “I have no doubt that NABCO will succeed”, he meant more than an ordinary declaration of hope and optimism into a baby he has just birthed. He was actually responding to the educated elites who says NABCO, his precious baby is premature and won’t last. Crucially, he was also saying that NABCO will also be different from its accursed nemeses that plagued the Mahama administration.
No Apparent End to the Looming Troubles
But here is the thing though. We solve problems in ways that will make our leaders look good, instead of in ways that will make the country look good. We design solutions in a manner that fortifies our presence politically, entrenches the ‘big man’ disease, centralizes praise and decentralizes failure. And it is in these particular ways that our political state of affairs resonates with the thinking of Fanon.
Even in recent times, some authorities have come to describe the country as a ‘a disseminator of pain’ and a ‘vampire state’. They cannot be more than right. Even the immediate past President of Ghana, John Dramani Mahama, who gave us a toxic mix of shock, depression and a ‘dead goat’ attitude, submitted that: “Absolutely nobody thinks about the country first; we all think about ourselves first, our families second, our parties third, maybe our communities fourth and Ghana comes a distant fifth or sixth or even tenth.”
Nothing has been so effective at keeping Ghanaians wretched and dependent on disappointing state interventions than political corruption, to an extent that kills industry and creativity at the micro level of our society. According to the 2018 economic freedom report, “the heavy burdens of state regulation and political favoritism undermine overall competitiveness. A cumbersome bureaucracy dissuades potential entrepreneurs and impedes optimal economic performance. Corruption remains unchecked by selectively enforced reform measures.”
The report ranked Ghana’s economy 122 out of 180 countries. Yet we are addressing these in a piecemeal because we are burned by partisanship to score political points with politically conscious elements of our society, leaving the hard, stubborn issues unresolved.
It has been difficult getting out of the classroom mindset really. Our endeavor to always get answers right, to look good and be accepted among our peers takes precedence over thorough thinking through ideas, principles and ways to forge enduring solutions to community challenges.
The thousands of Ghanaians who applied for NABCO were products of our old-fashioned system, and the political elites endorse and enforce such a system. And this is how we keep people wretched.
Ernest Armah is the Director of Research and Content Development at Odekro, a Parliamentary Monitoring Organization based in Tema, Ghana. Previously, he worked with IMANI Africa as Head of Programs and Social Policy Research.